Table 4 Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the patients
Variables | No. cases | % |
|---|---|---|
Reported symptoms (n = 157 articles; 654 cases) *, ** |  |  |
 Epigastric pain  Nausea  Vomits  Chest pain  Hematemesis  Borchardt triad | 465 329 387 122 86 112 | 71.1 50.3 58.7 18.7 13.1 17.1 |
Type of volvulus (n = 165 articles; 1,107 cases) *, *** |  |  |
 Organo-axial  Mesentero-axial  Not reported | 202 71 834 | 18.3 (73.9) 6.4 (26.1) 75.3 |
Type of PEH (n = 142 articles; 702 patients) *, *** |  |  |
 II  III  IV  Not reported | 14 222 110 356 | 2.0 31.6 15.7 50.7 |
Time of the surgery after admission (n = 141 articles; 532 patients) |  |  |
 Urgent (within the first 24 h)  Up to 7 days  8 to 14 days  15 to 30 days  After 30 days (deferred, elective) | 325 115 18 11 63 | 61.1 21.6 3.4 2.1 11.8 |
Surgical approach (n = 164 articles; 11,518 cases) *, |  |  |
 Open  Laparoscopic  Conversion to open surgery  Other options (thoracic and robotic approach)  Not surgical treatment | 9,934 1,463 41 37 43 | 86.2 12.7 0.4 0.3 0.4 |
AGV treatment (n = 154 articles; 2,011 cases) *, ** |  |  |
 Nissen fundoplication  Gastropexy  Toupet fundoplication  Use of mesh  Total or partial gastric resection  Gastrostomy  Collis operation  Dor fundoplication | 787 480 191 165 146 127 84 31 | 39.1 23.9 9.5 8.2 7.3 6.3 4.2 1.5 |
POC - Clavien & Dindo (n = 70 articles; 1,989 POC in 9,010 patients) *, # |  |  |
 Grade II  Grade IIIa  Grade IIIb  Grade IVa  Grade IVb  Grade V  NR | 82 520 632 408 153 20 174 | 4.1 26.1 31.8 20.5 7.7 1.0 8.8 |