Table 6 Non-significant risk factors for recurrence of alcoholic acute pancreatitis

Pelli [52]

Male gender

Surgical treatment vs. conservative treatment

Complications during hospitalization (sepsis, renal failure, etc.)

Pelli [53]

Male sex

BMI (Body Mass Index):

Severity of first episode of pancreatitis

Presence of pancreatic necrosis during the first episode

Local complications (pseudocyst, abscess)

Smoking

Altered pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function

Ductal or parenchymal damage detected by MRI at 3 months from the first attack

Abnormalities in alcohol consumption markers (MCV, GGT, desihalotransferrin)

Pelli [54]

Male sex

Body mass index (BMI)

Impaired exocrine function (low fecal elastase- 1)

Continued alcohol intake after first episode

High AUDIT score (Alcohol Dependence)

Pancreatic necrosis at first episode

First episode severity (according to Atlanta criteria)

Nieto [55]

Older age: HR: 0.99; 95 % CI [0.98, 0.99]; p-value: 0.02

Female sex: HR: 1.07; 95% CI [0.93, 1.22]; p-value: 0.30

Medicaid insurance: HR: 1.06; 95% CI [0.99, 1.22]; p-value: 0.06

Living in small metropolitan areas: HR: 1.00; 95% CI [0.87, 1.14]; p-value: 0.96

Living in micropolitan areas: HR: 0.85; 95% CI [0.65, 1.11]; p-value: 0.24

Weekend admission: HR: 1.09; 95% CI [0.96, 1.25]; p-value: 0.17

History of pancreatic cysts: HR: 1.20; 95% CI [0.93, 1.55]; p-value: 0.15

Use of opioids: HR: 1.08; 95% CI [0.85, 1.37]; p-value: 0.50

Low vitamin B12: HR: 1.49; 95% CI [0.98, 2.26]; p-value: 0.06

BISAP score 1: HR: ranges from 0.82 to 1.74; 95% CI ranges from [0.67, 4.05]; p-value: > 0.05

Total parenteral nutrition therapy: HR: 1.08; 95% CI [0.47, 2.48]; p-value: 0.17

Endoscopic procedures: HR: 0.83; 95% CI [0.55, 1.24]; p-value: 0.37

Teaching hospitals: HR: 1.04; 95% CI [0.91, 1.09]; p-value: 0.99

Sissingh [56]

Age

Male sex

BMI

Alcohol consumption greater than 21 units/week

Smoking

High triglycerides (> 11.2 mmol/l)