Table 4 QUADAS-2 adjudgments of included studies
Study | Risk of bias | Applicability | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | I | R | FT | P | I | R | |
[16] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
[17] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
[18] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
[19] | X | ? | ? | ✓ | X | ✓ | ? |
[20] | ✓ | X | ? | X | ✓ | ✓ | ? |
[21] | X | ✓ | ? | X | X | ✓ | ? |
[22] | X | ✓ | ? | ✓ | X | ✓ | ? |
[23] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
[24] | ? | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
[25] | X | ? | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ |
[26] | ✓ | ✓ | ? | X | ✓ | ✓ | ? |
[27] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
[30] | X | ? | ? | ✓ | X | ✓ | ? |
[31] | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ |
[32] | X | ✓ | ? | ✓ | X | ✓ | ? |
[33] | X | ? | ? | X | X | ✓ | ? |
[34] | X | ✓ | ? | ✓ | X | ✓ | ? |
[35] | ✓ | ✓ | ? | X | ✓ | ✓ | ? |
[36] | X | ? | ✓ | X | X | ✓ | ✓ |
[37] | X | ✓ | ? | ✓ | X | ✓ | ? |
[38] | ✓ | ✓ | ? | X | ✓ | ✓ | ? |
[39] | X | ? | ? | ✓ | X | ✓ | ? |
[40] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
[41] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
[42] | X | ✓ | ? | ✓ | X | ✓ | ? |
N low: | 12 | 19 | 12 | 10 | 13 | 26 | 12 |
N unclear: | 1 | 6 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
N high: | 13 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 13 | 0 | 0 |