Table 1 Meta-analysis for pooled results of all available primary studies for outcomes
Outcomes | Sample size (S, C) | Treatment favoring | MD/SMD (95%CI) | RR (95%) | \({I}^{2}\) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mortality | (21,639,968,068) | Surgical | – | 0.53[0.39,0.72] | 74% |  < 0.0001 |
Hospital LOS | (19,802,1,053,534) | Conservative | 1.92 [0.82, 3.01] | – | 97% | 0.0006 |
ICU LOS | (8885, 201,883) | Conservative | 1.01[0.08, 1.94] | – | 98% | 0.03 |
Mechanical ventilation | (7904,117,199) | Not significant | −0.03[−0.26,0.21] | – | 98% | 0.81 |
Pneumonia | (7441,115,791) | Not significant | – | 1.06[0.81,1.39] | 85% | 0.66 |
Tracheostomy | (19,594,964,357) | Not significant | – | 1.37[0.97,1.93] | 91% | 0.07 |
Medical cost | (13,982,851,203) | Conservative | 0.90 [0.25, 1.55] | Â | 97% | 0.007 |