Table 1 Recommendations for preoperative antibiotic management according to the available clinical practice guidelines

Tokyo Guidelines 2018

Antimicrobial therapy for patients with Grade I and II acute cholecystitis is recommended only before and at the time of surgery [5]. Particularly, preoperative antibiotics are indicated for patients with CCI 6 or greater and/or ASA class III or greater (not low risk).

Surgical Infection Society

As current practice and 2018 Tokyo Guidelines recommend treatment with antibiotic agents upon admission, we recommend use of peri-operative antibiotic agents for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis [6].

World Society of Emergency Surgery

No recommendation [2, 7].

Panamerican Journal of Trauma, Critical Care & Emergency Surgery

It is recommended that all patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis receive antibiotics to prevent progressive gallbladder inflammation, development of secondary infection, or sepsis [8].