Table 1 Demographic characteristics
|  | ESPB group (n = 55) | Control group (n = 118) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 59.09 ± 14.766 | 54.33 ± 15.785 | 0.061 |
Gender: Female/Male | 19/55 (34.55%) | 26/118 (22.03%) | 0.081 |
Body Weight (kg) | 67.94 ± 12.955 | 71.217 ± 14.002 | 0.144 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.014 ± 3.920 | 25.849 ± 4.145 | 0.289 |
ASA | 0.361 | ||
 II | 3 | 9 |  |
 III | 52 | 101 |  |
 IV | 0 | 3 |  |
ISS score | 0.684 | ||
 < 16 | 7 (12.72%) | 12 (10.17%) |  |
 16–24 | 31 (56.36%) | 62 (52.54%) |  |
 > 24 | 17 (30.90%) | 44 (37.28%) |  |
Number of fractured ribs | 0.539 | ||
 < 5 | 11 (20%) | 20 (16.95%) |  |
 5–7 | 42 (76.36%) | 89 (75.42%) |  |
 > 7 | 2 (3.63%) | 9 (7.63%) |  |
Rib fracture site | 0.266 | ||
 Unilateral | 50 (90.91%) | 100 (84.75%) |  |
 Bilateral | 5 (9.09%) | 18 (15.25%) |  |
Concomittent clavicular fracture | 20(36.36%) | 39(33.05%) | 0.669 |
Concomittent scapular fracture | 12(21.82%) | 24(20.34%) | 0.823 |
Other injuries | 0.401 | ||
 None | 12 (21.82%) | 19 (16.10%) |  |
 1 | 24 (43.64%) | 53 (44.92%) |  |
 2 | 11 (20%) | 24 (20.34%) |  |
 3 | 4 (7.27%) | 18 (15.25%) |  |
 4 | 4 (7.27%) | 3 (2.54%) |  |
 5 | 0 | 1 (0.85%) |  |
Anatomical location of other injuries | 0.86 | ||
 Head | 9 (16.36%) | 23 (19.49%) |  |
 Pulmonary / Mediastinal | 6 (10.91%) | 24 (20.34%) |  |
 Intra-abdominal | 10 (18.18%) | 21 (17.80%) |  |
 Spine | 7 (12.73%) | 16 (13.56%) |  |
 Upper limb | 30 (54.55%) | 61 (51.69%) |  |
 Lower limb / pelvis | 11 (20%) | 25 (21.19%) |  |
Systemic diseases | Â | ||
 Hypertension | 23 (41.82%) | 31 (26.27%) | 0.040* |
 Diabetes mellitus | 17 (30.91%) | 25 (21.19%) | 0.165 |
 History of CAD | 1 (1.82%) | 2 (1.69%) | 0.954 |
Preoperative baseline hemodynamics | Â | ||
 HR (bpm) | 79.47 ± 16.66 | 81.51 ± 16.465 | 0.403 |
 SBP (mmHg) | 136.96 ± 18.468 | 134.8 ± 18.531 | 0.474 |
 MAP (mmHg) | 97.56 ± 12.316 | 97.88 ± 13.869 | 0.885 |
Other concurrent surgery | 9 (16.36%) | 32 (27.1%) | 0.121 |