Fig. 5

Shapley values of the Catboost model: each point on the summary plot is a Shapley value for a variable and an instance. The color represents the value of the variable from low (blue) to high (red). The most important variable that helps in the prediction is the systolic pressure upon arrival of the physician-staffed EMS and the less important is. For example, the distribution of the feature value along the x-axis indicates that low systolic pressure contributes to a prediction of negative outcome and high systolic pressure contributes to a prediction of positive outcome